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trash and waste management on earth

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protects public health and the

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environment methods include recycling

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centers sanitary landfills and

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wastewater treatment plants but now with

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upcoming artemus missions to the moon

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and ultimately missions to Mars waste

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concerns are not just limited to our

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planet being able to effectively manage

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trash is an important consideration when

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planning a long-duration space

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exploration mission trash takes up

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useful spacecraft volume and it develops

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a foul odor when place and long-term

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storage and here at the end cone we

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gather trash understanding that this is

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a near-future need for astronauts a

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multidisciplinary team made up of early

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career researchers at NASA's Kennedy

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Space Center in Florida have been

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working on a solution to this problem

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building upon previous studies the team

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developed a prototype reactor we call

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Oscar orbital syngas commodity

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augmentation reactor or Oscar is an

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early career initiative project funded

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by nasa's space technology mission

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director in 2018 working on oscar has

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demonstrated new ways to manage trash

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and waste in space by offering new

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options for safe disposal and the

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potential to transform it into useful

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resources methods for handling trash on

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the International Space Station today

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involve putting waste in bags and

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placing them on spacecraft headed to

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earth a crew of four astronauts is

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expected to generate approximately 5,500

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pounds of waste during a one-year

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mission in space a crewed Mars mission

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could take two or three years and the

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technology being developed on Oscar can

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help make that mission possible oscar

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has a reactor that uses heat oxygen and

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steam to turn things like food packaging

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old clothing and even human waste into

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water and a gas mixture industry calls

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this mixture synthetic gas or sin gas

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and it is primarily carbon dioxide with

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small amounts of hydrogen carbon

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monoxide and methane molecules from

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syngas can be used as building blocks

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for beneficial products like propellants

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for the spacecraft the crew can also

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vent these gases for

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trash disposal in December 2019 Oscar

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reached a major milestone when it

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launched on a Blue Origin new Shepard

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rocket this suborbital flight added

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around 3 minutes of valuable

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microgravity performance data to Oscars

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previous data from lab and drop tests

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during the flight

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Oscar is able to inject trash into the

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high-temperature reaction chamber and

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collect targeted product gases while

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Oscar was in microgravity it

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successfully achieved turning trash into

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gas

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this included initiation of combustion

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and smouldering of the waste though

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oscar can perform a variety of thermal

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degradation processes such as steam

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reforming oxygen and rich combustion

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incineration and pyrolysis sustaining

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the thermal reaction of gas collection

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all performed well in microgravity the

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team is quantifying the gases Oscar

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collected as well as analyzing the

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remaining trash and charm of the reactor

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to investigate how it may have burned

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differently been in gravity the team is

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using the data gathered over the life of

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the project to evaluate the performance

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of the reactor to inform future designs

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through the early career initiative NASA

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encourages innovation through

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collaboration with organizations outside

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of the agency as well as giving

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employees an opportunity to participate

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directly in technology development with

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the potential to enhance / enable future

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missions the Oscar project not only

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worked on developing technologies to

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enable humans to explore deeper into

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space than ever before but it developed

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the next generation of scientists and

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engineers we are proud of what her has

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accomplished over the last two years

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including going to space and we hope